Language Research

Mukri Pronominal Clitics in Prepositional Phrase: An Optimality Theorectic

Ghader Allahweisiazar; Vahid Gholami; Omid Varzandeh

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2022, , Pages 51-76

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2022.329760.666742

Abstract

Historical linguistic studies on words lead to the genesis of clitics. Clitics function like independent words but they are phonologically dependent and in order to be pronounced ... Read More Historical linguistic studies on words lead to the genesis of clitics. Clitics function like independent words but they are phonologically dependent and in order to be pronounced they attach to neighboring elements. Clitics’ attachment to their hosts can appear in different forms: proclitic, mesoclitic, endoclitics and enclitic. They are very important because clitics are where morphology, syntax, and phonology meet. Mukri Kurdish clitics which are highly mobile can be hosted by different categories including prepositions. Two groups of adpositions are found in Mukri which appear as both preposition and postposition. MacKenzie recognizes two kinds of prepositions in 'Mukri: simple prepositions and absolute forms. The prepositions of the first group occur immediately before a noun (or a noun phrase) and a pronoun which they govern, while the absolute forms which are fewer in number cannot occur before an independent noun, a noun phrase or an independent pronoun and can take only clitics as their complements. Besides the aforementioned ones, compound prepositions and circumpositions are also found in Mukri. Circumpositions can be both simple and complex. Simple circumpositions can take only nominal complements but the complex circumpositions can take both clitics and full forms as their complements. The present article tries to investigate the interaction of different kinds of Mukri adpositons with pronominal clitics using Optimality Theory constraints in Prepositional Phrase (PP). The constraints which play a role in clitic placement within PPs are NonInitial (cli, PP), Integrity (PP) and LeftMost (cli, L, PP). Data analysis against Optimality Theory constraints showed that constraints NonInitial (cli, PP) and Integrity (PP) dominate LeftMost (cli, L, PP). Finally it was concluded that Mukri Kurdish pronominal clitics appear in the second position. The research method of this article is descriptive – analytic and fieldwork. To collect the data the main author’s intuition as the native speaker of Mukri, 20 hours recorded speech, Mukri Kurdish sites and newspapers have been used.

Vowel Hiatus in Surani Kurdish

Vahid Sadeghi; Solmaz Sadeghi

Volume 8, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 117-136

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2017.63142

Abstract

This paper addresses the different repair strategies applied in the Surani Kurdish language for the correction of vowel hiatus, cross-linguistically known as a phonologically marked ... Read More

An Optimality-Theoretic Account of Exceptionality & Optionality in Pre-Nasal Raising in Persian

Bashir Jam

Volume 7, Issue 2 , January 2017, , Pages 19-38

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2016.61523

Abstract

Pre-nasal raising is a phonological process in Persian through which the low vowel /A/ changes to the high vowel [u] in the environment before nasals. While this process is obligatory ... Read More

The Study of Reduplication Process in Kurdish Language Within Optimality Theory

Seyed Mohammad Rzinejad; Farideh Allahyari

Volume 7, Issue 2 , January 2017, , Pages 59-75

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2016.61525

Abstract

The process of word formation is an important subject in morphology. Among the word-formation processes, the reduplication process is common in most languages. Different studies in ... Read More

The Position of Stress in Persian Bound Morphemes

Aliyeh Kord-e Zafaranlu Kambuziya; Farzaneh Tajabadi; Ferdows Aghagolzadeh

Volume 6, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 61-80

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2015.56642

Abstract

Stress refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable. All of the words in lexicon regardless of the apparent structure and the number of their syllables have their own ... Read More

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Keywords = Optimality Theory

Mukri Pronominal Clitics in Prepositional Phrase: An Optimality Theorectic

Abstract

Vowel Hiatus in Surani Kurdish

Abstract

An Optimality-Theoretic Account of Exceptionality & Optionality in Pre-Nasal Raising in Persian

Abstract

The Study of Reduplication Process in Kurdish Language Within Optimality Theory

Abstract

The Position of Stress in Persian Bound Morphemes

Abstract