Language Research

Abstract   Phonology is the study of phonemic system in language and our perception of phonemic production in learning is noticeable cognitively and phonologically.phonemic awareness is a background for language skills such as reading, writing and spelling during school and the next year stages. In the stages of second language acquisition, phonemic awareness should be strengthened more than before.  The existence of a processing system is essential for phonemic skills. According to the Fraser's Cognitive phonology framework 2010, the pronunciation problems are basically conceptual. phonemes are representation of abstract concepts and a background knowledge is necessary for their interpretation to associate them with the verbal method.   Abstract phonological schemas should be perceived as a conceptual system and be related to the real world ,therefore we can achieve some linguistic improvments in other area of language by phonemic awareness skills. In this research investigating  vocalic errors using the field method through a questionnaire and audio recording by text reading of students in two classes of 10 persons was done in two tests. The research methodology is descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the research is among 80 students from Tehran University of applied sciences ,using SPSS software and Cronbach's AFFA. The results show that phonemic awareness and meaningful communicational base is as an important basis in second language learning in cognitive approach point of view

Abstract Second Language Acquisition (SLA) always happens when the learners live and have contact with the native speakers of a second language. Although this study investigates learning English by ten native children of Farsi, the authors try to simulate the second language acquisition environment. The research deals with the initial state and further development in the child second language learning of syntax regarding the presence or absence of functional categories, as well as the role and the degree of L1 influence in this regard. Some studies in the field of child L1 acquisition are discussed to determine similarities or differences between child L1 and child L2 acquisition. The competing claims of the two most prominent hypotheses about early L2 grammars, i.e. Vainikka & Young-Scholten’s (1996) Minimal Trees/Structure Building hypothesis and Schwartz & Sprouse’s (1996) Full Transfer/Full Access hypothesis, are tested. The conclusion is reached that functional categories are absent at the initial state and that they emerge without the learners’ reliance on their L1, consistent with Minimal Trees/Structure Building hypothesis.