Language Research

The Evolution of Verbal Prefix mi in Persian Language

ّFataneh Yousefi; Mojtaba Monshizade; Farah Zahedi

Volume 11, Issue 2 , February 2021, , Pages 271-285

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2020.310217.666642

Abstract

This paper explores the evolution of the inflectional verbal prefix mi and its diverse roles from the Old Persian through the Middle Persian language, to the New Persian. In the earlier ... Read More This paper explores the evolution of the inflectional verbal prefix mi and its diverse roles from the Old Persian through the Middle Persian language, to the New Persian. In the earlier stages of Persian, verbal prefixes played varied roles, such as the adverbial function. Verbal prefixes could extend or restrict the principal meaning of the verb, or even change it altogether. The majority of verbal prefixes could originally be used both as adverbs and prepositions. However, the middle period of the Persian language witnessed a gradual reduction in the functional roles verbal prefixes played, as the language drifted toward analyticity. For this reason, verbal prefixes were no more able to change the verb meaning as they used to in the earlier stages. In other words, they changed to be fixed prefixes which were not generative anymore in middle Persian and the later stages of the language. In fact, verbal prefixes were grammaticalized and accepted various grammatical roles. This prefix is the contemporary Persian mi that represents the durative or habituative aspect. This inflectional prefix mi originates from old *ham-aiwa through the middle Persian hamē which means “always” in Middle Persian. Hamē also represents continuity and habits, while it does not have a fixed place in the sentence having been attested in a variety of places. In classical Persian literature texts, hamē is attested in the forms of hami and mi. The two classical Persian forms gradually moved closer to the verb, and were finally attached to the verb to be grammaticalized as an inflectional prefix. Contemporary mi represents not only continuity and habit, but also plays a modal role to signify unfulfilled wishes and unrealized assumptions by prefixing a past verb. Thus, the adverbial *ham-aiwa has gone through a long process of grammaticalization, and has become an inflectional prefix to signal continuity and habits aspect and also irreal modality.

Deictic Projection of Present Perfect in Persian: A Semantic Analysis

Mohammad Amoozadeh; Masoume Dianati; Zoleikha Azimdokht

Volume 8, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 99-116

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2017.63137

Abstract

This study provides a semantic analysis of the present perfect of Persian expressing immediate and definite futurity. This phenomenon will be tackled in terms of deictic projection. ... Read More

Differentiating Evidentiality and Epistemic Modality Based on the Behavior of Persian Adverbials

Vali Rezai; Mozhgan Neisani

Volume 7, Issue 1 , September 2016, , Pages 37-56

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2016.59413

Abstract

This paper attempts to indicate that the two conceptual categories of evidentiality and epistemic modality are distinct although they may look similar; thus their corresponding adverbs ... Read More

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Keywords = Adverb

The Evolution of Verbal Prefix mi in Persian Language

Abstract

Deictic Projection of Present Perfect in Persian: A Semantic Analysis

Abstract

Differentiating Evidentiality and Epistemic Modality Based on the Behavior of Persian Adverbials

Abstract