Language Research

The Study of N-P-N Tripartite Exocentric Compounds in Persian: An Analysis within the Framework of Construction Morphology

Ghazaal Asadi; Sahar Bahrami-Khorshid; Ardeshir Maleki-Moghadm

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 May 2021

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2021.313793.666665

Abstract

AbstractIn many languages, compounding as a word-formation process is more productive than the other processes. According to this fact, compounding has a special role in morphology ... Read More AbstractIn many languages, compounding as a word-formation process is more productive than the other processes. According to this fact, compounding has a special role in morphology of languages and this process has been concentrated by grammarians and linguists. Compound words of a language can be classified in various ways. In one of this classification methods, compounds are divided into two major categories: exocentric compounds and endocentric compounds. This research is an attempt to explore the N-P-N tripartite exocentric compounds of Persian within the framework of Construction Morphology. The data under the study have been collected from reference book “Farhang-e Farsi-ye Āmiyāne” (Persian Slang Dictionary) written by Abolhasan Najafi which totally includes 88 tripartite compounds. The approach of this research is construction-based and tried to examine metaphorical and semantic content of the above-mentioned compounds and to justify the word-formation pattern of them based on concept of “construction” and “constructional schemas”. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the result of research demonstrates that all the compounds that are examined in this research can be encoded by 10 semantic relations: property, person property, time, location, state, thing, condition/situation, person, action and repetition of time. Each of these semantic relations and their differences has been represented as schema which is pairing of form and meaning. The results also evinced that there is a direct relation between semantic transparency of a construction and its frequency and productivity in Persian, there are 70 N-be-N compounds in the corpus which are considerably more than other types of compounds. Therefore, it is concluded that the frequency of the N-P-N compounds is rooted from its semantic transparency.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Sincerity of Ta’arofs Across Genders in Persian Language: A Cognitive Approach

Maryam Bordbar; Arsalan Golfam; Sahar Bahrami; Hayat Ameri

Volume 10, Issue 1 , June 2019, , Pages 21-37

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2019.71999

Abstract

This paper deals with the sincerity of Persian language Ta’arofs across genders. The sincerity is evaluated by means of cultural schemas. Data that is gathered from different ... Read More This paper deals with the sincerity of Persian language Ta’arofs across genders. The sincerity is evaluated by means of cultural schemas. Data that is gathered from different conversational contexts and Iranian films is analyzed by conversation analysis method. Using emic approach, the researchers identify fifteen underlying cultural schemas for Persian Ta’arofs and represent a model. To fulfill this aim, the Ta’arofs with similar illocutionary forces are identified and classified as cultural micro-schemas. Each class is given a title and the first encoding is done. To make sure about the validity of the classifications two inter-raters are employed. Then the concepts which are considered as the basis for these micro-schemas in Iranian culture are identified and labeled as macro-schemas. The Ta’arofs are evaluated in questionnaires in terms of sincerity they are associated with across genders. Ta’arofs and their contexts are presented in the questionnaire and the subjects are asked to evaluate the sincerity of Ta’arofs. Ta’arofs are chosen from both genders’ conversations equivalently and distributed in the questionnaire with different cultural schemas. The evaluation of data demonstrates that despite the common belief that men’s Ta’arofs are more sincere than women’s, there wasn’t any significant difference between their degrees of sincerity. Moreover, considering that the most and the least sincere Ta’arofs belong to women, we can say that the range of sincerity of Ta’arofs is wider in women than in men. The underlying micro-schemas of the most sincere Ta’arofs in women and men are respectively sympathy (Hamdeli) and compliment (Tahsin); and, the underlying micro-schemas of the least sincere Ta’arofs are respectively hospitality (Mehmannavazi) and Shekastehnafsi in women and men. Although the underlying micro-schemas of the most (in) sincere Ta’arofs are different in the two genders and reflect social and psychological differences between them, the underlying macro-schemas obey the notion of distributive cognition.

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Author = Bahrami, Sahar

The Study of N-P-N Tripartite Exocentric Compounds in Persian: An Analysis within the Framework of Construction Morphology

Abstract

Sincerity of Ta’arofs Across Genders in Persian Language: A Cognitive Approach

Abstract