Language Research

Analyzing Subject - Verb Agreement Errors of Persian Learners in the Framework of Distributed Morphology

Mahya Ahmadi; Azita Abbasi

Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2023, , Pages 1-22

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2023.361098.666846

Abstract

Researchers have paid a lot of attention to collecting and analyzing the language errors. Language learners commit various mistakes during the stages of language learning, and Subject ... Read More

Agglutinative-Analytic Morphology of Persian: A Distributed Morphology Approach

Shabnam Majidi; Mahinnaz Mirdehghan

Volume 11, Issue 2 , February 2021, , Pages 147-172

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2020.304807.666611

Abstract

The present research is aimed to analyses the morphological typology of Persian on the basis of the framework of Distributed Morphology (DM). According to the findings of DM, the predominant ... Read More The present research is aimed to analyses the morphological typology of Persian on the basis of the framework of Distributed Morphology (DM). According to the findings of DM, the predominant tendency of Persian's morphological type is defined here on a two-dimensional chart; a chart provided by Aikhenvald (2007) from the conjugation typology of languages, which itself was defined on the basis of the criteria proposed by Sapir. The horizontal axis in this diagram deals with the degree of internal complexity of words and its horizontal axis includes the transparency of morphological boundaries between the morphemes within a grammatical word. Accordingly, the main research questions are to determine: the position of Persian language on the basis of “degree of internal complexity of words”, as well as, its typology on the basis of “border transparency criteria”. To analyses the grammatical structures of Persian, a variety of diverse structures, among different Persian text types, including stories, textbooks, scenarios, and research papers was gathered, which contained a total number of nine thousand and six hundred words. The investigation on the first question on the basis of Greenberg’s quantitative standards illustrates that, by achieving a number of one thousand and five hundred and six words from the above-mentioned index, the orientation of today’s Persian language, according to the “degree of internal complexity of words” or what is called as “word combinability criteria”, is towards “analytic” language type. Considering the second question, the research demonstrates that in view of the “border transparency criteria” for morphemes which indicates ways to connect morphemes, Persian language is more inclined towards “agglutinating” language type. Finally, it can be concluded that based on the findings of DM, the dominant tendency of morphosyntactic structures of Persian is towards “agglutinating-analytic” languages. Therefore, the research findings in considering Persian within the DM framework approves its grouping within agglutinating-analytic language types, though in comparison to the previous studies, the reduction of the statistical results here illustrates the main tendency of Persian's morphological type towards analytic languages and its movement towards becoming more analytic.

Allomorph Alternation in Ezafe/Possessive Constructions in Sanandaji Kurdish: A Distributed Morphology Approach

Fatemeh Bahrami; Sadaf Kalami

Volume 10, Issue 1 , June 2019, , Pages 39-58

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2019.72000

Abstract

Conditions governing Ezafe/possessive marker allomorphy in Sanandaji Kurdish are of vital importance. There are four possible cases for the head noun of Ezafe construction; i.e. it ... Read More Conditions governing Ezafe/possessive marker allomorphy in Sanandaji Kurdish are of vital importance. There are four possible cases for the head noun of Ezafe construction; i.e. it can be definite and accompanied by an adjective; definite without any adjective complement; and indefinite with or without an adjective complement. Also, there are two possible cases for the head noun of possessive constructions; i.e. it is always definite, but it may be accompanied by an adjective complement or not. Amongst them, there is just one case with an evident case marker «=æ»: A definite noun phrase accompanied by an adjective reflects the Ezafe/possessive relation by linker «=æ», otherwise «=i» inserts. Hence, the rationale behind the aforementioned morpho-syntactic conditions is a challenging issue in Ezafe/possessive constructions. Furthermore the distinctive interpretation of the two constructions; is not to be disregarded just the possessive construction bears the meaning of possession. The present paper aims at investigating Ezafe/possessive constructions from a Distributed Morphology view and provides an analysis of their derivations which explains the structural similarities and constraints determining the alternation of case marking. It is supposed, the value of features in «Ez» determines the winner of the competition between «=æ» and «=i». Accordingly, when uninterpretable features in node Ez are valued as [Ez, +MOD, +DEF], «=æ» inserts into the node, and in other three cases, based on the under-specification principle «=i» inserts. Also, the difference in morphological features of the Complement of EzP nodes is responsible for the distinctive meaning of Ez- and Possessive constructions. In possessive constructions, the head of the adjective phrase, as a complement of EzP, contains an uninterpretable feature [POSS] which must be satisfied by merging EzP node with a possessive complement. Therefore the difference is related to the complement of EzP not the Ez node itself.

Subjunctive-Negation Interaction in Sorani Kurdish

Runak Moradi

Volume 3, Issue 1 , October 2013, , Pages 99-116

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2012.30297

Abstract

Except for personal clitics in past transitive forms, Sorani Kurdish has threeverbal prefixes; n?- for negation, be- for subjunctive, and (d)?- for imperfective. Thisarticle starts ... Read More

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Keywords = distributed morphology

Analyzing Subject - Verb Agreement Errors of Persian Learners in the Framework of Distributed Morphology

Abstract

Agglutinative-Analytic Morphology of Persian: A Distributed Morphology Approach

Abstract

Allomorph Alternation in Ezafe/Possessive Constructions in Sanandaji Kurdish: A Distributed Morphology Approach

Abstract

Subjunctive-Negation Interaction in Sorani Kurdish

Abstract