Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• hamideh marefat ¹
• Eskandar Samadi ²

¹ Professor of Applied Linguistics, University of Tehran

² Ph.D. Candidate in Applied Linguistics, Kharazmi University

Abstract

‌‌‌This study examined the processing of null and overt pronouns by Persian speaking monolinguals. Different theories have been suggested for the interpretation of these pronouns. The “Position of Antecedent” hypothesis predicts that the processor prefers the antecedent in the IP position for the null pronoun; however, the antecedent in the lower positions in the structure is preferred for the overt pronouns. The other theory, “Recency Principle”, predicts that the processor attempts to find the reference for the pronoun as immediately as possible; thus, the parser will select the very first antecedent which matches the pronoun. To examine Persian speaking monolinguals’ processing of these pronouns, 18 sentences including a matrix and a subordinate clause which included an overt or a null pronoun were developed. The overt or the null pronouns either preceded or followed the antecedent or were located between the two antecedents. The participants read each sentence which appeared on the monitor accompanied by three pictures each of which represented a different interpretation of the pronoun. The results showed that, irrespective of the position of the subordinate clause and the type of pronoun, the predictions of the “Position of Antecedent” hypothesis are true unless the sentence has a marked structure.

Keywords

• Overt and null pronouns
• Backward anaphora
• Forward anaphora
• Position of Antecedent Hypothesis
• Recency Principle
• Persian native speakers