Language Research

Language Research

Cognitive Semantics of "GAH" from the Perspective of Semantic Conflict and Resolution Hypothesis

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Ali Alizadeh 1
Hamed Akbarpour 2
Faranak Jamaleddin 2
Mohammad Reza Dehghanzadeh 2
1 Associate Professor Linguistics Department Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate of Linguistics Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
10.22059/jolr.2021.314951.666676
Abstract
The aim of this study is to carefully examine the morpheme "GAH" in order to enumerate the concepts contained in and to discover the mechanism of conversion between these concepts from the perspective of Cognitive Semantics in the context of Talmy’s Semantic Conflict and Resolution hypothesis. To achieve this, we extracted all the entries of this morpheme from the Two Volume Persian Dictionary of Sadri Afshar et al. (2009). We examined each of them in an analytical-research way from a qualitative perspective presented in the introduced theoretical framework. After the autopsy of the nature of the open and closed classes and creating a correspondence between their concepts and types of uses of the morpheme "GAH" and proving that this morpheme does not follow a fixed pattern in belonging to the open or closed class, followed by dissection of the Semantic Conflict and Resolution hypothesis under the presentation of a series of Cognitive processes under the headings of shifts, blends, juxtaposition, juggling and blocking and their exact subsets, we put the body of research in the benchmark of these criteria to determine with which morphemes, via which processes and by which functions, the morpheme of “GAH” is combined, and the final output belongs to which Cognitive process and what conceptual domain it includes. The concept of "basicness" was recognized as TIME and the cognitive process through which this concept converts to "SPACE", as a new achievement in this research was established as “Replacement of whole the basicness concept of a spectrum (open/closed) class by a component of open-class side features.” Also, the cause of this gradation in the nature of "GAH" was identified through another Cognitive process called Reification. In addition, according to what we obtained in the data analysis, the outputs of "GAH"’s compounds were not out of 4 modes: location of the process, location of the effect of the process, location of an object/mass, and location of the effect/direction/extension of an object. A commixture of the modes also appeared.
Keywords
GAH in Persian
Cognitive Linguistics
Cognitive Semantics
Semantic Conflict and Resolution
Space and Time
Subjects
Abolghasemi, M., 2009. A Manual of Old Iranian Language; Part 2: Grammar and Lexicon, Tehran, SAMT, [In Persian].
Akbarpour, H., 2015. Examining and Describing the Meaning of Some Adverbial Words from the Perspective of Cognitive Semantics, M.A, Thesis, Mashhad, Ferdowsi University,  [In Persian].
Amid,H., 2010. Amid Dictionary, Tehran, Agah, [In Persian].
Anvari,H.,1988. The grammar of Persian Language, Tehran, Fatemi, [In Persian]. 
Anvari, H.,1992. Farhang-e Bozorg-e Sokhan: The great dictionary of Sokhan, Tehran, Sokhan, [In Persian].
Dehkhoda, A. A.,1991. Dehkhoda Dictionary, Tehran, Tehran University Press, [In Persian]. 
Fakhreddini, F., 2015. Analysis and Description of Iranian Music (Radif), Tehran, Moeen, [In Persian].
  Farshidvard, Kh., 2005. Modern Detailed Grammar, Tehran, Sokhan, [In Persian].
Ghareeb, A.,1999. Dastoor-e Panj Ostad: five- masters- Grammar, Tehran, Jahan-e Danesh, [In Persian].
Homayoun farrokh, A.,1958. Comprehensive Persian Grammar, Vol.2. Tehran, Elmi, [In Persian].
Kalbasi, I., 1992. The Derivational Structure of Word in Modern Persian, Tehran, Ariyan,  [In Persian].
Keshani, Kh.,1992. Suffix Derivation in Modern Persian, Tehran, Markaz-e Nashr-e Daneshgahi, [In Persian].
Khayyampur, A.,1968. The Grammar of Persian Language, 6th Ed, Tabriz, Tehran Bookstore, [In Persian]. 
Mashkour, M. J.,1963. astourname: In the Morphology and Syntax of Persian Language, Vol.3,Tehran, Shargh, [In Persian].
Mesbah Yazdi, M. T., 2019. Training Philosophy; Volume II, Tehran, Sherkat-e Chap-o Nashr-e Bein-Al-mellal, [In Persian].
Moin, M. (1992). Moin Dictionary, Tehran, Amir Kabir,[In Persian].
Natel Khanlari, P. (1976). Persian Language Grammar, Tehran, Nashr-e Babak,[In Persian].                     
Rezaei, H. & Rafiei, A. (2016). "investigating the Semantic Network of Locator Suffix '-gah': a Cognitive Approach", Journal of Zabanpazuhi. 8(18), Pp. 107-123, [In Persian]. 
Sadeghi, A. A.,1992. "Methods and possibilities of word formation in contemporary Persian".  Nashre Danesh Journal, 69. Pp. 20-25, [In Persian].  
Sadri Afshar, G.H.; Hakami, Nasrin & Hakami, Nastaran., 2009. Persian Dictionary Two Volumes. Tehran, Moaaser, [In Persian].
Shafaee, A.,1984. Scientific Basics of Persian Grammar, Tehran, Novin. [In Persian].
Shariat, M. J.,1993. The Grammar of Persian Language. Tehran, Asatir, [In Persian].
Talmy. L., 2000. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Vol I, Cambridge, MA: MIT press.
ـــــــــــــــــــــ. (2000). Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Vol II, Cambridge, MA: MIT press.
ـــــــــــــــــــــ.,2017. The Targeting System of Language, Cambridge, MA: MIT press.
Zeyd Tusi, A.,1977,. Interpretation of Surat 'Yusuf', Tehran, The Institute of Book Translating and Publishing, [In Persian].
Ziyaa‌ Hoseini, Mohammad. (2009). ABC of Linguistics, Tehran, Rahnama, [In Persian].
Zonnour,R.,1964,. The Grammar of Parsi in Persian Morphology and Syntax, Tehran, Arganun, [In Persian].
Language Research
Volume 11, Issue 2
February 2021
Pages 97-119

  • Receive Date 07 December 2020
  • Revise Date 06 January 2021
  • Accept Date 09 January 2021