Document Type : Research Paper
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Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
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Persian and Arabic languages have had phonetic, grammatical, and lexical influences on each other in terms of vocabulary exchange, and they have similarities and differences in terms of phonetic system; Arabic is today considered one of the six official languages of the United Nations and the first language of the Islamic world that learners from different countries, especially Iran, attempt to learn. Arabic learners make numerous phonetic errors at different stages of learning Arabic as a foreign language. Since the phonetic system of the learners' native language is imprinted in their minds by default, it is a natural phenomenon for a non-native learner to make errors during the learning of the next language. At the phonetic level of the Arabic language, there are sounds that differ in pronunciation and pronunciation from their corresponding sounds in Persian; Among the Arabic letters " Θ ،ħ، ð، sˤ، dˤ، tˤ، ðˤ، ʕ، ɣ، w" which, due to their absence in Persian, have become the closest equivalent sounds in the Persian phonetic system. Therefore, Persian-speaking Arabic learners do not have sufficient skills in the field of listening and speaking as language output, but due to the lack of comparative analysis between the different levels of Arabic and Persian, they usually experience doubts, fear, and ultimately despair of learning this language when using Arabic. The results of the study in the present study indicate that the learner who is learning a foreign language, due to his adherence to his mother tongue, unconsciously tries to maintain the structure of the previous language and shows resistance to new findings, which are the phonetic system of the language. The purpose of this research is: First, to define and elaborate on the contrastive analysis, then to explain the phonetic system of Persian and Arabic, then to explain the types of interference, and finally to provide solutions and strategies to prevent interference. Based on the contrastive analysis at the phonetic level, we concluded that after describing and then comparing and contrasting the two languages, as well as the hierarchy of difficulties in pronouncing sounds, the sounds at level four (extreme distinction) create the greatest difficulty in teaching Arabic sounds to Persian speakers, because at this level, a completely new item that has no similar item in the mother tongue must be learned; therefore, our greatest focus in learning the phonetic system of the target language should be on these sounds
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