Language Research

This research investigates and analyzes the speech samples of three Persian speaking children, 4-5-years-old girls, who are suffering from Developmental Language Disorder (Specific ... Read More This research investigates and analyzes the speech samples of three Persian speaking children, 4-5-years-old girls, who are suffering from Developmental Language Disorder (Specific Language Impairment). The theoretical framework of the research is the expanded model of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Based on this model that proposed by Kovecses (2020), metaphor processing takes place in four levels that have a schematic hierarchy. These schematic levels from depth to surface include image schema, domain, frame and mental space. In metaphor processing, the mapping between the source and destination domains is done simultaneously in all four mentioned levels. Among these levels, the outer level is mental space and its processing is done online in the working memory. The other three levels (image schema, domain and frame) are located in long-term memory and are processed offline. The method of conducting this research is descriptive, and analytical. The data of this research was collected by the Speech Therapist through the Told-P3 Language Development Test from three children who have referred to the speech therapy center. The collected data is at the single word level. During the execution of the test, the examiner has checked both comprehension and expression of single words and has classified the data based on the answers of the subjects. The collected data are only descriptive and analytical, and no comparison has been made between the subjects. The results of this research show that this model can be used in examining and analyzing the speech of people with language disorders. Also, these children did not have comprehension and conceptual problems to produce words and had more problems in oral language. Therefore, the analysis of the speech of these children based on this model shows that in order to teach these children the vocabulary of expressive language, instead of going directly to the teaching of the phonetic label of the words, we should have a level of education that is related to strengthening the metaphorical understanding of the words. Especially, it seems that first of all, if domain and frame levels, which are intermediate levels in the metaphorical processing of words, are strengthened by means of teaching methods, the results can be more impressive and the child's access to phonetic label could be Facilitated.

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Research Paper

A phenomenological study of teachers' and experts' views on the challenges governing Arabic language learning in the Corona and post-corona era and solutions

Mehrdad Aghaei; kamal nosrati; Mohammadamin Aghaei; Hadi Najafi zangir

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 January 2025

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2025.376242.666883

Abstract

The aim of this research was to investigate the challenges facing Arabic language education among students in the Corona era and to provide solutions to the upcoming issues, with the ... Read More The aim of this research was to investigate the challenges facing Arabic language education among students in the Corona era and to provide solutions to the upcoming issues, with the help of the lived experience of Arabic language teachers and experts. In this research, a qualitative and phenomenological method was used. The interviewees included all teachers and specialists in Ardabil city in the academic year of 2023. To select the participants, targeted and saturation sampling was used and 20 teachers and 18 specialists were selected. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that students in the virtual education of Arabic lessons face challenges such as lack of motivation, lack of familiarity with virtual education, low financial ability of parents to provide smart education facilities, lack of suitable technology platform in teaching, problem in the antenna. Incorrect assessment and evaluation of students are faced due to the high possibility of cheating, etc, and in general, the virtual class is boring for students and reduces students' motivation and reduces students' adherence to classroom rules and discipline. In the interview with experts in the field of virtual education, they also pointed out the existence of challenges such as technical problems, structural problems, educational problems (content), problems of activism and interaction (mutual) and social problems (government) and to overcome On the challenges, suggestions for students, for teachers, for parents, for the officials of the educational field and suggestions for the government were presented.Also, the lack of necessary infrastructure for virtual education, including the unfavorable speed of the Internet and the lack of access of students in deprived and underprivileged areas to communication devices and the Internet, can severely affect the performance of virtual education. According to (Yang, 2020), students could not establish good communication and interaction with online education, and despite the fact that they can easily participate in online classes, they have a greater desire to participate in face-to-face classes and Also, due to the impossibility of face-to-face interactions, many students feel lonely and isolated and sometimes face severe anxiety and depression. In other words, the lack of face-to-face interactions can lead to psychological problems among students.

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Research Paper

Examining the discourse of verbal tyranny in the work of \"Dr. Mossadegh and his historical speeches\" based on the functional approach

Mohammad reza Pahlavannezhad; Atousa Babak

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 January 2025

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2025.380810.666894

Abstract

In this article, an attempt has been made to provide a functional analysis based on Halliday's interpersonal metafunction from Dr. Mossadegh's historical speeches in the fifth ... Read More

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Research Paper

Serial verbs and ingressive aspect in Persian

Azadeh Sokhan Afarin; Vali Rezai; Rezvan Motavalian

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 06 February 2025

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2025.381316.666898

Abstract

In many languages of the world, there are a sequence of verbs that are called serial verb construction (SVC). They are divided into two types, symmetric and asymmetric, based on their ... Read More In many languages of the world, there are a sequence of verbs that are called serial verb construction (SVC). They are divided into two types, symmetric and asymmetric, based on their composition. In symmetric construction, both verbs are chosen from the grammatical and semantic open class and in the construction of an asymmetric serial verb, a verb from grammatical and semantic open class, and another verb is selected from the limited and closed class. Aspectual or phasal serial verb is one of the types of asymmetric SVC which represents the perfective and imperfective grammatical aspect and the lexical aspect of inchoative, continuous and completive. The purpose of the research is to investigate the inchoative aspect of the SVC in Persian and to determine the juncture-nexus relation type in the framework of the Role & Reference Grammar (RRG). In Persian, auxiliary verb is placed in next to the main verb, it expresses tense, mood, and aspect, and there is a close and strong relationship between the auxiliary and the main verb, to the extent that they are considered a unit verb and behave similar to the construction of asymmetric SVC. Therefore, in line with the goal of the research, complex predicates consisting of auxiliary verbs and the main verb were the basis of data selection. These verbs include ‘gereftan (to take), bardɑštan (to remove), bargaštan (to return), raftan (to go), ɑmadan (to come), darɑmadan (to enter), and zadan (to hit)’, which express the inchoative aspect. The data of the research was collected from Najafi Persian Dictionary, Persian language database, storybooks, websites and other research work. Due to the avoidance of repetition, only one case was presented for each of the mentioned verbs, which were first examined based on criteria for distinguishing SVC in Aikhenvald. Finally, the type of juncture-nexus relationship was explained based on the RRG. The findings illustrate that these constructions are SVC and their juncture-nexus relation is of the type of ad-nuclear subordination.

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Research Paper

National-cultural study of the symbolism of ornithomyms in Russian and Persian languages; Resource for historical analysis and worldview of the peoples of Iran and Russia

Sevinj Mehdikhanli; Sedighe Khazaie

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 April 2025

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2025.385782.666904

Abstract

Knowledge of the concept of symbols, which has its roots in the cultural aspect of the language, is especially important when studying the language. Именно по этой причине ... Read More Knowledge of the concept of symbols, which has its roots in the cultural aspect of the language, is especially important when studying the language. Именно по этой причине In the process of teaching a foreign language, it is necessary that those working in this field consider themselves obliged, in addition to strengthening the grammatical aspects of the language, to value knowledge of the culture of the language being studied and to include it in the educational content. Thus, symbols are included in the content of education as part of culture and ultimately lead to a correct understanding of national-cultural texts. Given the importance of cultural aspects in teaching foreign languages and considering literature, we find that symbols and symbolism are of particular importance in the educational process, since when studying a foreign language and the literature of that country, it is necessary for the reader to be aware of the meanings hidden in the heart of the symbols. Ornithonyms are one of the areas of symbols and symbolism in popular culture and literature of each nation, and until now, no comparative studies have been conducted in this area in Russian and Persian. The authors of this study, using the library collection method, as well as the method of analyzing questionnaire data, and with the aim of obtaining the differences and similarities of the symbol of birds in the specified languages, when developing a questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge of Russian bachelor students about the symbol of ornithomyms, investigated the issue and after a comparative review and analysis of the questionnaire data, by clarifying the similarities and differences of the symbolism of birds in Russian and Persian, help Russian students and translators to correctly convey to the audience the concept of bird symbolism when translating cultural and literary texts. Therefore, at the bachelor's level in Russian, it is necessary to include the concept of bird symbolism in educational contentof such course unitas "Russian idioms and proverbs", "Cultural and literary influences of Iran on Russia", "Translation of texts" and "Regional studies".

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Research Paper

Investigating the Accuracy of GPT’s Translation in Transferring Syntax-Semantic Interface: A Case Study of Ideational Meta-Functions in English Translation of Quran

Sajjad Farokhipour; Davoud Padiz; Bamshad Hekmatshoartabari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 25 May 2025

https://doi.org/10.22059/jolr.2025.391037.666912

Abstract

AI-based models of analyzing linguistic data have attracted researchers due to the theoretical and practical spread of these models in recent years. Among them, machine translation ... Read More AI-based models of analyzing linguistic data have attracted researchers due to the theoretical and practical spread of these models in recent years. Among them, machine translation and AI-based translation have been a focal point in this development However, many questions regarding their efficiency and accuracy are raised at the same time. The current research is an attempt to employ an evaluative framework from systemic functional linguistics and investigate the accuracy of the transfer of ideational meta-function in the English translation of Quranic verses by GPT-4o. To this aim, 200 verses of the holy Quran were selected purposively and the transfer of six categories of the aforesaid meta-functions including material, verbal, existential, mental, behavioral, and existential were explored based on verb category, participants, and conditions of each process. Results revealed that GPT has been able to transfer material, behavioral, and existential processes while failing to transfer mental and relational processes. It seems that GPT’s success in the first section cannot be attributed to AI’s ability to distinguish the qualities and conditions of the processes but to the limitedness of verbal category and objectivity of their semantic components, participant types, and conditions. Since the characteristics of each part of speech for each process are determined and defined in systemic functional linguistics, they can be attached to the machine translation models in the form of syntactic-semantic tags added to each lexical-grammatical unit to increase the accuracy of translation. It seems that GPT’s success in the first section cannot be attributed to AI’s ability to distinguish the qualities and conditions of the processes but to the limitedness of verbal category and objectivity of their semantic components, participant types, and conditions. Since the characteristics of each part of speech for each process are determined and defined in systemic functional linguistics, they can be attached to the machine translation models in the form of syntactic-semantic tags added to each lexical-grammatical unit to increase the accuracy of translation.

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Volume & Issue: Articles in Press

Investigating the speech samples of 4-5 years old Persian speaking girls with Specific Language Impairment based on the extended model of Conceptual Metaphor Theory

Abstract

A phenomenological study of teachers' and experts' views on the challenges governing Arabic language learning in the Corona and post-corona era and solutions

Abstract

Examining the discourse of verbal tyranny in the work of \"Dr. Mossadegh and his historical speeches\" based on the functional approach

Abstract

Serial verbs and ingressive aspect in Persian

Abstract

National-cultural study of the symbolism of ornithomyms in Russian and Persian languages; Resource for historical analysis and worldview of the peoples of Iran and Russia

Abstract

Investigating the Accuracy of GPT’s Translation in Transferring Syntax-Semantic Interface: A Case Study of Ideational Meta-Functions in English Translation of Quran

Abstract