نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی رشته زبان شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 پژوهشگر آموزش ویژه، دانشکده آموزش، دانشگاه آلبرتا، آلبرتا، کانادا.

3 دانشیار گروه تخصصی زبانشناسی ،دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ،تهران، ایران.

4 استادیارگروه علوم شناختی و مغز، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

5 استادیار گروه زبان شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در زبان فارسی که ترتیب کلمات آن از نوع SOV است، متمم پرسشی، یا مفعول حرف‌اضافه‌ای معمولاً پس از مفعول در جایگاه کانونی قرار می‌گیرند. با این حال، امکان جابجایی این عبارت به مکان‌های دیگر در داخل جمله وجود دارد. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی پردازش جابجایی متمم پرسشی در زبان فارسی در مدخل واژگانی افعال با استفاده از پتانسیل‌های وابسته به رویداد بر مبنای دستور واژی-نقشی است. این مطالعه بر روی بخش مرکزی-آهیانه ای مغز) مؤلفه N400 و (تمرکز دارد، که طبق مدل مطرح‌شده توسط فریدریچی در پردازش زبان (1995) ارائه‌شده است. از آن‌جا که زبان فارسی به‌واسطۀ تصریف قوی می‌تواند ترتیب واژگانی متفاوتی داشته باشد ، به‌منظور بررسی متمم پرسشی در مدخل واژگانی افعال ، چهار جایگاه مختلف متمم پرسشی در زبان فارسی در جملات مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و 50 جمله برای هر کاندیشن ساخته شده است. کاندیشن جملات به‌واسطۀ واژگان یکسان از لحاظ طول واژه و طبقۀ دستوری ایجاد گردید . به‌منظور بررسی دقیق‌تر مدخل واژگانی فعل، جملات در صفحه نمایش به‌صورت سازه‌ای ارائه گردید و توضیحات کامل قبل از شروع آزمایش به شرکت‌کنندگان ارائه گردید. به شرکت‌کنندگان توضیح داده شد که کلمات را بدون حرکت لب‌ها و صورت، ادا کنند. در حین خواندن واکنش‌های مغزی به‌صورت پتانسیل وابسته به رویداد ثبت گردید و سپس در نرم‌افزار متلب به‌واسطۀ EEG lab و مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت . نتایج نشان می‌دهد که جابجایی متمم پرسشی باعث پاسخ مغزی متفاوت در مدخل واژگانی فعل می‌گردد بدین‌صورت که افزایش دامنه N400در ناحیه مرکزی- آهیانه­ای در جایگاه کانونی متمم پرسشی دیده شد . از این یافته‌ها می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که جابجایی متمم پرسشی در زبان فارسی بر اساس دستور واژی نقشی در مدل مطرح‌شده توسط فریدریچی پایه نوروفیزیولوژیکی دارد

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Neural Response to the SyntacticProcessing of wh-Complements in Persian within Adult Verbal Entries, Based on Lexical-Functional Grammar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Delangiz Dalir 1
  • Mehdi Purmohammad 2
  • Arsalan Golfam 3
  • Reza Khosroabadi 4
  • Mahnaz Karbalaeisadegh 5

1 Ph.D. Candidate of Department of Linguistics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Researcher of Special Education, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.

3 Assistant Professor of Department of Linguistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Institute for Cognitive and Brain Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, iran.

5 Assistant Professor of Department of Linguistics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

In Persian, which adheres to an SOV word order, complement clauses or prepositional objects typically follow the direct object in their conventional position. However, there is the potential to move this phrase to different positions within the sentence. However, this phrase can be moved to other positions in a sentence. Multiple explanations exist for this phenomenon. One such explanation is within Lexical-Functional Grammar, suggesting that the relocated constituent finds its place within lexical entries. More specifically, event-related potential (ERP) was used to investigate this processing in the centro-parietal part of the brain (for the for N400 and P600 components) following the Friedrici model of language comprehension (1995). This research aims to investigate how wh-complement displacement in Persian is processed within the verb's lexical entry using event-related potentials, rooted in the syntactic-semantic role structure. Specifically, this study focuses on the N400 central-anterior component, as introduced by Friedrich in the field of language processing in 1995. Given Persian's rich inflection, which permits various word orders, we examined four distinct positions for complement clauses in the sentences under study, constructing 50 sentences for each condition. These sentence conditions were thoughtfully designed based on consistent word length and syntactic category. To delve deeper into the verb's lexical entry, we presented sentences in a structured format on a display screen and provided comprehensive explanations to participants before the experiment. Participants were instructed to articulate words without any lip or facial movement. Brain responses were recorded as event-related potentials during reading and subsequently analyzed using MATLAB software with EEGlaB. The results reveal that complement clause displacement triggers distinct brain responses within the lexical entry of verbs, marked by an increased N400 amplitude in the central-anterior region when the complement clause is in its canonical position. These findings lead to the conclusion that the movement of the complementizer in Persian follows a Lexical-Functional grammar within the neurophysiological model put forth by by Friedrich's model of syntactic processing .The main conclusions to be drawn from these bits of evidence are the displacement of the Wh-complement in lexical entries of verb in Persian has a neurophysiological basis. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • psycholinguistics؛ syntax؛ neurolinguistics؛ filler-gap dependencies؛ Wh-movement
  • ERPs
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