نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زبان انگلیسی و زبان‌شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران،

2 مرکز تحقیقات پیشگیری سوء مصرف مواد، پژوهشکده سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 گروه زبان انگلیسی و زبان‌شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

عصرِ حاضر، عصرِ سیطرۀ علم بر باور‌های بشری است. نیاز انسان به شناختِ ماهیتِ خود و جهان اطرافش او را به سوی باور پدیده‌ها براساسِ مستندات و شواهد عینی سوق داده است. همین امر سبب گردیده که امروزه علومِ شناختی به حوزۀ مورد علاقه بسیاری از دانش پژوهان مبدل‌گردد. یکی از حوزه‌های اصلی علوم شناختی، زبان‌شناسی‌شناختی است که بر پایۀ مطالعۀ زبان بنا نهاده شده است. از آن‌جا که، زبان را می‌توان ابزاری برای بازنمایی ذهن برشمرد؛ از این‌رو، زبان‌شناسی‌شناختی از مطالعۀ ساختار ظاهری زبان فراتر رفته و به بررسی عملیاتِ بنیادی بسیار پیچیده‌ای می‌پردازد که در تکوین دستور زبان، مفهوم‌سازی، سخن‌گفتن و تفکر نقش عمده‌ای را ایفا می‌کنند. رویکردِ نظری این حوزه بر پایه مشاهدات تجربی و آزمایش‌های علمیِ روان‌شناسی و علوم‌اعصاب بنا نهاده شده و هدف آن فهم چگونگی بازنماییِ اطلاعات زبانی در ذهن، واکاوی فرآیند یادگیری زبان و سازوکار درک و استفاده از آن است. در دهه‌های اخیر، واکاوی و توضیح فرآیندهای درک استعاره، مورد توجه بسیاری از زبان شناسان قرار گرفته است. یکی از چالش‌های اصلی در این راستا، یافتن راهکاری است که بتواند فرآیندهای درگیر در درک انواع مختلف استعاره را توضیح دهد. در این پژوهش، با توجه به سازوکار درک زبان در مغز، به بررسی دو گروه متفاوتِ استعاره‌های متعارف و استعاره‌های نا متعارف پرداختیم. این پژوهش توصیفی -تحلیلی بوده و با استناد به مقالات، کتب و تحقیقاتِ صورت گرفته در زمینۀ ارتباط مغز با فرآیند درک استعاره صورت گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق گویای آن است که درک استعاره‌های متعارف، سبب بروز فعالیت در شکنج میانی گیجگاهی چپ، بخش دوکی شکل راست و شکنج پیشانی تحتانی می‌شود. در حالی‌که، بخش دوکی شکل سمت راست، با ادغام اطلاعات بصری و معنایی مرتبط است. از سویی دیگر، استعاره‌های نامتعارف (بدیع)، به‌صورت مداوم، شکنچ دوکی شکل چپ و پیش‌مخروطی (بره‌کونئوس) سمت راست را فعال می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The study of brain function during the understanding of conventional and unconventional metaphors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ladan Javaheri 1
  • amer gheitury 1
  • Mehdi khodamoradi 2
  • Shahab Moradkhani 3

1 Department of English Language and Linguistics, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical ‎Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Department of English Language and Linguistics, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The present era is the era of science's control over human beliefs. Man's need to know the nature of himself and the world around him has led him to believe in phenomena based on objective evidence, and this has caused cognitive science to become the favorite field of many scholars today. One of the main fields of cognitive sciences is linguistics, which is based on the study of language. Since language can be considered as a tool to represent the mind; therefore, cognitive linguistics goes beyond the study of the apparent structure of language and investigates very complex fundamental operations that play a major role in the development of language grammar, conceptualization, speaking and thinking. The theoretical approach of this field is based on experimental observations and scientific experiments of psychology and neuroscience, and its purpose is to understand how linguistic information is represented in the mind, to learn language and to understand and use it. In recent decades, the analysis and explanation of metaphor understanding processes has been the focus of many linguists. One of the main challenges in this direction is to find a solution that can explain the processes involved in understanding different types of metaphor. In this research, considering the mechanism of language understanding in the brain, we examined two different groups of conventional metaphors and unconventional metaphors. This research is descriptive-analytical and based on the articles, books and research done in the field of brain connection with metaphor understanding process. The results of this research show that understanding conventional metaphors causes activity in the left middle temporal gyrus, the right fusiform part and the inferior frontal gyrus. While, the fusiform part of the right side is related to the integration of visual and semantic information. On the other hand, unconventional metaphors continuously activate the left fusiform gyrus and the right precone.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cognitive linguistics
  • cognitive neuroscience
  • applied neuroscience
  • brain
  • conventional metaphors
  • unconventional metaphors
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