نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زبان‌شناسی، گروه زبان‌شناسی، دانشکدة زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار زبان‌شناسی، گروه زبان‌شناسی، دانشکدة زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

10.22059/jolr.2026.403152.666942

چکیده

افعال، به‌ویژه افعال حسی، از ارکان بنیادین زبان در بازنمایی تجربه‌های انسانی و تفسیر و انتقال معنا به‌شمار می‌روند و بررسی روابط معنایی آن‌ها در زبان‌های مختلف، از موضوعات محوری پژوهش‌های معناشناسی و زبان‌شناسی شناختی محسوب می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر با رویکردی رده‌شناختی به بررسی سلسله‌مراتب افعال حسی در زبان فارسی می‌پردازد و هدف آن تحلیل جایگاه این افعال در چارچوب سلسله‌مراتب پیشنهادی ویبرگ (1983) است. این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی–تحلیلی است و داده‌های آن از کاربرد افعال حسی پایه شامل «دیدن»، «شنیدن»، «چشیدن»، «بوییدن» و «لمس کردن» در متون مختلف زبان فارسی استخراج شده‌اند. در مرحله‌ی نخست، افعال حسی پایه شناسایی و فهرست شدند و پس از تعیین افعال هدف، فرایند جست‌وجو و استخراج داده‌ها از پیکره‌ی زبانی انجام گرفت. سپس داده‌ها با روش تحلیل بسامدی و مقایسه‌ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که افعال مرتبط با حس بینایی در زبان فارسی از فراوانی بیشتری نسبت به سایر افعال حسی برخوردارند که این امر بیانگر برجستگی ادراک بصری در ساختار معنایی زبان فارسی است. با این حال، ترتیب نسبی دیگر حواس یکنواخت نیست و تفاوت‌هایی در جایگاه شنیدن، لامسه، چشایی و بویایی مشاهده می‌شود. همچنین مقایسه‌ی یافته‌ها با پژوهش‌های بین‌زبانی نشان می‌دهد که گرایش به برتری حس بینایی در زبان فارسی تا حدی با الگوهای جهانی همسو است، اما جایگاه نسبی دیگر حواس تحت تأثیر عوامل زبانی و فرهنگی تغییرپذیر است. یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند مبنایی برای مطالعات تطبیقی میان‌زبانی، تحلیل‌های پیکره‌ای، طراحی منابع آموزشی و پژوهش‌های آینده در حوزه زبان‌شناسی شناختی فراهم آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Hierarchy of Perception Verbs in Persian: A Typological Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tahereh Samenian 1
  • Vali Rezai 2

1 Ph.D. Candidate of General Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In lexical semantic studies, verbs constitute one of the core components of language and play a crucial role in meaning interpretation. Consequently, the investigation of semantic relations among verbs across languages has received considerable attention. Adopting a typological perspective, the present study examines the hierarchy of perception verbs in Persian and explores their positioning within the hierarchy proposed by Viberg (1983). This research follows a descriptive–analytical design, drawing on corpus-based data derived from the usage of basic Persian perception verbs, namely see, hear, taste, smell, and touch.In the first stage, the basic perception verbs of Persian were identified and systematically listed. Subsequently, corpus searches were conducted to extract relevant instances of these verbs from Persian texts. A frequency-based analysis of the data indicates that vision-related verbs occur more frequently than other perception verbs in Persian. At the same time, the relative ordering of the remaining sensory modalities does not display a stable or uniform pattern, and variations are observed in the ranking of auditory, tactile, gustatory, and olfactory verbs.The findings suggest that although a tendency toward the prominence of vision can be observed in Persian, the organization of perception verbs does not fully conform to a universal sensory hierarchy

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • perception verbs
  • lexical typology
  • typological hierarchy
  • corpus-based analysis
  • Viberg’s hierarchy
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